tgf β  (Elabscience Biotechnology)

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Mesenchymal stromal cells-loaded 3D radially aligned composite scaffold with potentiated paracrine signaling for sequential bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.059

Figure Lengend Snippet: Temporal analysis of the BMSC paracrine profile on different scaffolds. (A) Confocal microscopy images from Live/Dead fluorescence staining of BMSCs encapsulated within the PCL/HAp-GelMA/BMSCs scaffold after 1, 3, 5, and 14 d of 3D culture (live cells, green; dead cells, red). (B) The concentrations of key paracrine factors (TGF-β, PGE2, VEGF, HGF, and BMP-2) from BMSCs cultured in different scaffolds, quantified from culture supernatants at day 3 and day 7. (C) Corresponding relative mRNA expression levels of TGFB1, PTGS2, VEGFA, HGF, and BMP-2 in BMSCs at day 3 and day 7, as determined by qPCR analysis. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns: not significant.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits for PGE2 (Cat. No. E-EL-0034), TGF-β (Cat. No. E-EL-0162), VEGF (Cat. No. E-EL-R2603), and HGF (Cat. No. E-EL-R0496) were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Confocal Microscopy, Fluorescence, Staining, Cell Culture, Expressing

Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: Combination of APS, HMGN1, and anti-TNFR2 antibody remodels the tumor immune microenvironment to enhance antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102814

Figure Lengend Snippet: Triple combination therapy alleviates colorectal cancer immunosuppression by targeting immune cells and cytokine networks. (A-E) The ratio of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Tregs among CD4 + cells in the tumor, spleen, TDLNs, and NTDLNs (n=5). (F-J) Percentage of Tim3 + cells among CD8 + T cells in the tumor, spleen, TDLNs, and NTDLNs(n=5). (K-O) Serum circulating cytokines were quantified from the serum samples, including IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6 with 5 samples each in an experimental group. (All data are presented as mean ± SD and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns = no significant difference, P > 0.05.).

Article Snippet: ELISA kits for interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were obtained from Servicebio (Wuhan, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Translational Oncology

Article Title: Combination of APS, HMGN1, and anti-TNFR2 antibody remodels the tumor immune microenvironment to enhance antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer

doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102814

Figure Lengend Snippet: Triple combination therapy alleviates colorectal cancer immunosuppression by targeting immune cells and cytokine networks. (A-E) The ratio of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Tregs among CD4 + cells in the tumor, spleen, TDLNs, and NTDLNs (n=5). (F-J) Percentage of Tim3 + cells among CD8 + T cells in the tumor, spleen, TDLNs, and NTDLNs(n=5). (K-O) Serum circulating cytokines were quantified from the serum samples, including IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6 with 5 samples each in an experimental group. (All data are presented as mean ± SD and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns = no significant difference, P > 0.05.).

Article Snippet: Serum levels of certain cytokines (IL-2(Cat. No. GEM0038), IL-6(Cat. No. GEM0001), IL-10(Cat. No. GEM0003), TNF-α (Cat. No. GEM0004), TGF-β (Cat. No. GEM0051) were detected by ELISA kits (Servicebio, Wuhan, China) according to the instructions from the manufacturer.

Techniques:

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Gastric cancer-secreted galectin-1 promotes peritoneal mesothelial-mesenchymal transition to prime peritoneal metastasis soil

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115908

Figure Lengend Snippet: Galectin-1 promotes MMT in HPMCs through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway (A–D) WB analysis of TGF-β1 and p -Smad2/3 in HMrSV5 cells treated with CM from SGC-7901 cells (A and B) and HGC-27 cells (C and D) with different LGALS1 expression levels ( n = 3). (E–H) WB confirmed E-cadherin and vimentin expression in HMrSV5 cells treated with CM from SGC-7901 cells (E and F) and HGC-27 cells (G and H) with different LGALS1 expression levels or CM-OE- LGALS1 supplemented with ITD1. Data are represented as mean ± SD. ∗∗ p < 0.01, NS, p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Galectin-1-induced peritoneal MMT through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is an important mechanism for GCPM, offering a potential target for GC treatment.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Gastric cancer-secreted galectin-1 promotes peritoneal mesothelial-mesenchymal transition to prime peritoneal metastasis soil

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115908

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway promotes MMT in HPMCs (A–D) Representative immunofluorescence images of E-cadherin and vimentin in HMrSV5 cells treated with CM from SGC-7901 cells (A and B) and HGC-27 cells (C and D) with different LGALS1 expression levels or CM-OE- LGALS1 supplemented with ITD1 (Scale bars, 50 μm) ( n = 3). (E–H) Representative immunofluorescence images of TGF-β1 and p -Smad2/3 in HMrSV5 cells treated with CM from SGC-7901 cells (E and F) and HGC-27 cells (G and H) with different LGALS1 expression or CM-OE- LGALS1 supplemented with ITD1 (Scale bars, 50 μm) ( n = 3). Data are represented as mean ± SD.∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, NS, p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Galectin-1-induced peritoneal MMT through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is an important mechanism for GCPM, offering a potential target for GC treatment.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Gastric cancer-secreted galectin-1 promotes peritoneal mesothelial-mesenchymal transition to prime peritoneal metastasis soil

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115908

Figure Lengend Snippet: TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is activated in peritoneal tissues undergoing MMT, and galectin-1 enhances GC cell adhesion to HPMCs via this pathway (A–C) Representative images of immunofluorescence for TGF-β1 (A) and p -Smad2/3 (B) in peritoneal tissues without or with MMT (×400 magnification). (C) Comparison of the relative fluorescence density of TGF-β1 and p -Smad2/3 in peritoneal tissues without or with MMT ( n = 6). (D and E) GC cells incubated with Calcein-AM were added to HMrSV5 cells treated with CM from SGC-7901 cells (D) or HGC-27 cells (E) or with different LGALS1 expression levels (Scale bars, 100 μm) ( n = 3). (F and G) Mean IODs of SGC-7901 cells (F) and HGC-27 cells (G) adherent to HMrSV5 cells ( n = 3). Data are represented as mean ± SD.∗∗ p < 0.01, NS, p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Galectin-1-induced peritoneal MMT through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is an important mechanism for GCPM, offering a potential target for GC treatment.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Comparison, Fluorescence, Incubation, Expressing

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Gastric cancer-secreted galectin-1 promotes peritoneal mesothelial-mesenchymal transition to prime peritoneal metastasis soil

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115908

Figure Lengend Snippet: Galectin-1 promotes GCPM through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway (A) Representative images of the GCPM animal model established in this study. (B) H&E staining confirmed that the peritoneal nodules were metastatic carcinomas (×400 magnification). (C–E) Representative immunofluorescence images of E-cadherin and vimentin (C), TGF-β1 (D) and p -Smad2/3 (E) in the peritoneum of model animals (×400 magnification). (F) The PCI of mice in different groups ( n = 6). (G and H) The mean fluorescence density of vimentin and E-cadherin ( n = 6). (I and J) The relative fluorescence density of TGF-β1 and p -Smad2/3 ( n = 6). Data are represented as mean ± SD. ∗∗ p < 0.01, NS, p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Galectin-1-induced peritoneal MMT through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is an important mechanism for GCPM, offering a potential target for GC treatment.

Techniques: Animal Model, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence